Vinyl to cd - what is the process again?

I ran into a friend who asked me about those turntable with the USB connection that allow easy transfer, but I know there is a way to do this without having to buy that contraption. I can't remember it because it never interested me, and still doesn't, but if you don't mind explaining it, I would be forever indebted...well, maybe for a few minutes or so.

I did some internet research which suggests using a 'high quality interface' rather than going directly to the sound card, but how much would such a component run? And is that really the best method?

Swish