12ax7 and 12au7-not not not interchangeable
WRONG WRONG WRONG WRONG WRONG!-!-!-!-
I see several postings here which are absolutely incorrect regarding these tubes.
I have been an electronics hobbyist since 1960, and have designed amplifiers using these tubes; I am intimately familiar with them.
THE RIDICULOUS MISINFORMATION BEING POSTED ABOUT THESE TUBES HERE WOULD BE FUNNY IF IT WASN'T SO TRAGIC AND STUPID.
1) THESE TUBES ARE VERY DIFFERENT AND SHOULD NOT BE INTERCHANGED-YOU CAN DAMAGE CIRCUITS IF YOU DO.!!!
ONE IS HIGH-GAIN, THE OTHER IS LOW-GAIN, AND A CIRCUIT DESIGNED FOR ONE IS GOING TO DISTORT IF YOU SUBSTITUTE THE OTHER (AND THE TUBE CAN BE DAMAGED ALSO) !!!!!!
2) The 12AX7 has a gain (u) of about 100; the circuit gain may be slightly lower depending on the associated components in the circuit, but it is typically used in high-voltage-gain circuits, such as a phono stage (circuit STAGE GAIN 40-80 typically). Its typical plate current is approximately 1 milliampere.
3) The 12AU7 has a gain (u) of about 18; it is used mostly as a buffer or as a driver stage coupled to power tubes (typical circuit stage gain 8-14). Its typical plate current is approximately 10 mA.
Substituting one of these tubes for the other will usually result in substantial distortion and always results in improper circuit operation! It can also cause the tube to be damaged. Putting a 12AX7 in a 12AU7 circuit is especially bad, since it will probably be subjected to a plate current far in excess of its design limits.
Once a 12AX7 has been placed in a socket where a 12AU7 belongs, it almost certainly has been overstressed and damaged.
NEVER SUBSTITUTE ONE OF THESE TUBES FOR THE OTHER !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
THEY ARE NOT NOT NOT INTERCHANGEABLE !!!!!!!!!!!!